1.Kufunika kwa kuwotcherera pakupanga mapepala achitsulo
Njira yowotcherera ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga zitsulo popeza imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakujowina mbali zachitsulo kuti zipange zovuta ndi zinthu.
Nazi mfundo zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zowotcherera mukupanga mapepala achitsulo:
1.1.Kujowina magawo:Kuwotcherera ndikofunikira kuti mulumikizane ndi zigawo zachitsulo kuti mupange zazikulu monganyumba, mafelemu,ndimisonkhano.Zimapanga kugwirizana kolimba komanso kolimba pakati pa zigawo zazitsulo, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zinthu zovuta komanso zogwira ntchito.
1.2 Kukhazikika kwamapangidwe:Ubwino wa kuwotcherera ndondomeko mwachindunji zimakhudza structural umphumphu wa zigawo pepala zitsulo chopangidwa.Kuwotcherera bwino kumatsimikizira kuti zida zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zitha kupirira zovuta zamakina, chilengedwe ndi zofunikira zina.
1.3 Kusinthasintha kwapangidwe:Kuwotcherera kumapereka kusinthasintha kwapangidwe kuti apange zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimalola kupanga mapangidwe ovuta.Itha kupanga zida zokhala ndi ma geometries ovuta, kulola opanga kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito.
1.4 Kugwirizana kwazinthu:Njira zowotcherera ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zazitsulo, kuphatikiza chitsulo, aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi ma aloyi ena.Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zikwaniritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale.
1.5 Kupanga kotsika mtengo:Njira zowotcherera bwino zimathandizira kuti zikhale zotsika mtengokupanga mapepala achitsulopothandizira kusonkhanitsa mwachangu ndi kupanga zigawo.Njira yowotcherera yokonzedwa bwino imatha kuwongolera njira yopangira, potero kuchepetsa nthawi yopanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama zonse zopangira.
1.6 Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino:Njira yowotcherera ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso zodalirika zazitsulo zamapepala.Njira zowotcherera zoyenerera, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira ndi kuyesa weld, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito.
1.7 Ntchito Zamakampani:kuwotcherera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapozamagalimoto, zamlengalenga, zomangamanga ndikupanga,kumapepala achitsulo zigawondi gawo lofunikira pakupanga magalimoto, makina, zomanga ndi zinthu zogula.
Njira yowotcherera ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo chifukwa imalola kupanga zinthu zokhazikika, zogwira ntchito komanso zosunthika.Pomvetsetsa kufunikira kwa kuwotcherera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino, opanga angapereke zigawo zazitsulo zapamwamba, zotsika mtengo, komanso zodalirika pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
2. Njira yowotcherera zitsulo:
2.1 Kukonzekera:Gawo loyamba pakuwotcherera zitsulo ndikukonza pamwamba pazitsulo poyeretsa ndi kuchotsa zodetsa zilizonse monga mafuta, mafuta, kapena dzimbiri.Izi ndizofunikira kuti mupeze weld wamphamvu komanso woyera.
2.2Jmafuta Design:Kupanga kolumikizana koyenera ndikofunikira kuti kuwotcherera bwino.Kukonzekera kophatikizana, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa mgwirizano (chiwombankhanga, chophatikizira chamagulu, ndi zina zotero) ndi kusonkhanitsa, zidzakhudza njira yowotcherera komanso kuthekera kosokoneza.
2.3 Njira zowotcherera:Pali njira zingapo zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zitsulo, kuphatikizaTIG(tungsten inert gasi) kuwotcherera,MIGkuwotcherera (chitsulo inert gasi),resistance malo kuwotcherera, etc. Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake.
3.Mavuto amakumana nawokuwotcherera pepala zitsulo:
3.1 Kusintha:Kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera kungayambitse kupindika kwachitsulo komanso kupindika, makamaka kwa aluminiyamu yokhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri.Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zambiri komanso kukhudza gawo lonselo.
3.2 Kusweka:Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe komanso kutsika kwa aluminiyumu, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosweka panthawi yowotcherera.Kuwongolera koyenera kwa magawo owotcherera ndikofunikira kuti mupewe ming'alu.
4.Control kupotoza ndi kupewa kuwotcherera mavuto:
Kuti muchepetse kusokonekera kwa kuwotcherera, njira ndi njira zingapo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yowotcherera zitsulo.Nazi njira zazikulu zothandizira kuwongolera ndi kuchepetsa kupotoza kwa kuwotcherera:
4.1 Kukonza Moyenera:Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokometsera komanso zokometsera kuti mugwireworkpiecem'malo pa kuwotcherera ndondomeko kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuyenda ndi mapindikidwe.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti gawolo limakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake panthawi yowotcherera.
4.2 Kutsata kuwotcherera:Kuwongolera kutsatana kowotcherera ndikofunikira pakuwongolera ma deformation.Pokonzekera mosamalitsa ndondomeko yowotcherera, kulowetsa kutentha kumatha kugawidwa mofanana, motero kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa workpiece.
4.3 Preheating ndi post-weld kutentha mankhwala:Kuwotchera ndi kutenthetsa kwa workpiece musanayambe kuwotcherera ndikuchita chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld kungathandize kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kuchepetsa kusokonezeka.Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pazinthu monga aluminiyamu zomwe zimawonongeka panthawi yowotcherera.
4.4 Zowotcherera magawo:Kusankha kolondola ndi kuwongolera magawo owotcherera monga apano, ma voliyumu ndi liwiro laulendo ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kupotoza.Mwa kukhathamiritsa magawo awa, kuwotcherera kwabwino kungathe kupezedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa kutentha komwe kumathandizira kuwongolera kupotoza.
4.5 Ukadaulo wowotcherera kumbuyo:Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowotcherera kumbuyo, momwe kuwotcherera kumachitikira mosiyana ndi kuwotcherera komaliza, kungathandize kuthana ndi mapindikidwe mwa kulinganiza zotsatira zamafuta ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kotsalira.
4.6 Kugwiritsa ntchito ma jig ndi zida:Kugwiritsa ntchito ma jigs ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwira makamaka pakuwotcherera kumathandizira kukhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola komanso mawonekedwe a workpiece ndikuchepetsa mwayi wopindika panthawi yowotcherera.
4.7 Zosankha:Kusankha zitsulo zoyenera zoyambira ndi zodzaza kumakhudzanso kuwotcherera.Kufananiza zitsulo zodzaza ndi zitsulo zoyambira ndikusankha zida zokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako pakukulitsa matenthedwe kungathandize kuchepetsa kupotoza.
4.8 Kusankha njira yowotcherera:Kutengera ntchito yeniyeni, kusankha njira yoyenera kuwotcherera, monga TIG (tungsten inert gas) kapena MIG (metal inert gas) kuwotcherera, kungathandize kuchepetsa kupotoza poyang'anira kulowetsa kwa kutentha ndi liwiro la kuwotcherera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi ndi njirazi, kusokoneza kuwotcherera kumatha kuchepetsedwa, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo monga aluminiyamu.Iliyonse mwa njirazi imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera mapindidwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwabwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-24-2024